Sacred literature

In Hindu religious teaching based on scripture or religious sacred literature written in a very long period and the centuries, which in it contains religious spiritual values in life follows the guidance in the way of dharma. Among the sacred literature, the Vedas are the oldest and most complete, followed by the Upanishads as the basic literature is very important in the study of Hindu philosophy. Other literature which became the foundation is important in Tantric Hinduism, Religion and the Puranas and the two Itihasa (epics), the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Bhagawadgita is the teaching contained in the Mahabharata, is a widely studied literature, which is often referred to as a summary of the Vedas.
Hinduism encompasses many religious aspects, traditions, life guidance, and flow / sect. Hindus believe in will power of the Almighty, which is called Brahman, and worship of Brahma, Vishnu or Shiva as a manifestation of Brahman in performing functions as a creator, maintainer and the universe buster.
In general, the sacred Hindu literature is divided into two groups, namely the book of Sruti and Smerti book group.
• Sruti means "being heard" or revelation. Sruti is classified as books written books based on the revelation of God, such as the Vedas, Upanishads, and Bhagawadgita. In development, the Vedas and Upanishads was divided into smaller parts, such as the Rig Veda and Isopanishad. Vedas were four sections while the Upanishad books numbering about 108 pieces.
• Smerti means "remembered" or tradition. Smerti book is categorized books which do not contain God's revelation, but a book written on the basis of human thought and reflection, such as books about the science of astronomy, economics, politics, leadership, state administration, law, sociology, and so forth. The books is a translation of moral smerti contained in the book of Sruti.

Vedic (Weda)

Vedic scriptures which are the source of all religious teachings of Hinduism. Vedas are the oldest scriptures in the world because of its age as old as the age of Hinduism. Derived from the Sanskrit Vedas, namely the word vid, which means "know". The word Veda means "knowledge". The Maha Rsi who received revelation Vedas there are huge numbers, but only seven of the famous course called Saptaresi. Seventh Maha Rsi are namely:
1. Resi Gritsamada
2. Rishi Vasistha
3. Rishi Atri
4. Resi Vishvamitra
5. Resi Wamadewa
6. Rishi Bharadwaja
7. Resi Kanwa
The verses revealed by God to the Maha Rsi does not occur at a similar age and were not revealed in the same area. Resi who received the revelation did not live at the same time and not in the same area with other receipts, so that thousands of such verses scattered throughout the territory of India from time to time, not just at a time. In order for these verses can be studied by generations beyond, then compiled these verses systematically into a book. To arrange the verses were performed by Bagawan Dwaipayana Krishna Vyasa Vyasa or assisted by four of his disciples, namely: Bagawan Pulaha, Bagawan Jaimini, Bagawan Vaisampayana, and Bagawan Sumantu.
After the preparation done, the verses are gathered into a book which was then called the Vedas. In accordance with its contents, the Vedas are divided into four, namely:
1. Rig Veda Samhita
2. Ayurveda Samhita
3. Samaveda Samhita
4. Atharwaweda Samhita
The fourth book is called "Caturweda Samhita". In addition to the four Vedas, which is the essence Bhagawadgita Vedic teachings referred to as "the fifth Veda."
 

Bhagawadgita

Bhagawadgita is a part of the book Bhismaparwa, the sixth book of the series Astadasaparwa Mahabharata, which contains the conversation between Sri Krishna to Arjuna before Bhāratayuddha happen. Arjuna is told that the feeling of fear will plague stricken Kuru dynasty if Bhāratayuddha happen. Arjuna also feel weak and can not bear to kill their own brothers and relatives on the battlefield. Plagued by inner turmoil between what is right and wrong, Arjuna asked Krishna who know all too well all religious teachings.
Krishna chose to become a train driver Arjuna describes at length the teachings of the deity and obligations of a warrior to be able to distinguish between the good with the wrong. Subjects were then summarized into a very famous book of philosophy called Bhagawadgita.
Bhagawadgita consists of eighteen chapters and contains 650 ± sloka. Each chapter outlines of answers submitted by Arjuna to Krishna. The answers are sacred discourse as well as teaching points Vedas.

Purana

Puranas are part of Hindu literature includes mythology, legends, and stories of old. The word Purana means "ancient history" or "old story". Writing books is estimated Purana begins around the year 500 BC. There are eighteen Puranas book called Mahapurana. The eighteenth book namely:
1. Matsyapurana
2. Wisnupurana
3. Bhagavata Purana
4. Warahapurana
5. Wamanapurana
6. Markandeyapurana
7. Bayupurana
8. Agnipurana
9. Naradapurana
1. Garudapurana
2. Linggapurana
3. Padmapurana
4. Skandapurana
5. Bhawisyapurana
6. Brahma Purana
7. Brahmandapurana
8. Brahma Vaivarta Purana
9. Kurmapurana

Itihasa

Itihasa is a part of Hindu literary epic which tells the story of Hindu kings and knights in the past and combined with the philosophy of religion, mythology, and stories about supernatural beings, which is a manifestation of the power of Brahman. Itihasa Book compiled by the Rishis and Indian poets of the past, such as Rishi Rishi Valmiki and Vyasa. There are two famous Itihasa of Ramayana and Mahabharata.

Another Book

In addition to the book of the Vedas, Bhagawadgita, Upanishads, Puranas and Itihasa, Hinduism recognize the various other books such as: Tantra, Jyotiṣa, Darsana, Salwasutra, Nitisastra, Kalpa, Chanda, and others. Most books belong to the book because it contains the teachings Smerti astronomy, science, law, science, statecraft, social science, science leadership, science building and carpentry, and others.
Tantra Book contains about how to worship each sect within the Hindu religion. Tantra Book also regulates the construction and laying down the Hindu shrine of statues. Book Nitisastra includes courses on leadership and guidance to become a good leader. Jyotiṣa Book is a book that includes the traditional teachings of the Hindu astronomical system. Jyotiṣa Book contains guidelines about the heavenly bodies and its circulation. Book Jyotiṣa used to predict and estimate the arrival of a season.

Characteristic

In Hinduism, a parishioner contemplate the mysteries of Brahman and express it through the myth that there were not inexhaustible and through philosophical inquiry. They seek independence from the human suffering through askese practices or profound meditation, or with a draw closer to God through love, devotion and trust (Sradha).
Hindus also mentions his religion as Sanatana Dharma, meaning eternal Dharma.
According to the belief of the adherents, Hinduism is taught directly by God himself, who come down or transformed into the world, called avatars. For instance Lord Krishna, is the incarnation of God into the world in the days Dvapara Yuga, about ten thousand years ago [14]. Krishna or God's own teachings contained in the book Bhagawadgita, is the main Hindu scriptures. For Hindus, anyone is entitled and has the ability to receive the sacred teachings or revelations from God as long as he has reached awareness or enlightenment. Hence the revelation of God in Hinduism is not just limited to a time or to a person only. That the revelation of God revealed from time to time is essentially the same, which is about truth, love, peace, of eternal happiness, on the nature of human beings will be the truth and about where people were born and where people will want to go, or what the real purpose of human life into the world.

The concept of divinity

Pura Ulun Danu - Batur

  Hinduism is the oldest religions in the world and range of its long history shows that the Hindu religion has gone through all understand the divinity that ever existed in the world. According to research done by scholars, in the body of Hinduism, there are several concepts of divinity, among others henoteisme, pantheism, monism, monotheism, polytheism, and even atheism. The concept of the divinity of the most widely used is the monotheism (especially in the Vedas, Hindu Dharma and Adwaita Wedanta), whereas the other concepts (atheism, pantheism, henoteisme, monism, polytheism) is less known. Actually the plural concept of divinity is not recognized by the Hindus in general, because based on observations of scholars who studied Hindu religion does not comprehensively. 

Monotheism

In the Hindu religion in general, the concept used is monotheism. The concept is known as the philosophy Adwaita Wedanta which means "second to none." Should the concept of divinity in the other monotheistic religions, Adwaita Wedanta assume that God is the center of all life in the universe, and in Hinduism, God is called Brahman. In the Hindu beliefs, Brahman is not something that started but did not end. Brahman is both the creator of the universe buster. Brahman is everywhere and fills the entire universe. Brahman is the origin of everything that exists in the world. Everything that exists in the universe are subject to the Brahman without exception. In concept, the position of the gods synchronized with the angels and God's revered as a reluctance to separate, but commended for his services as an intermediary of God to his people. Philosophy Adwaita Wedanta assume there is no equivalent to the Brahman, the creator of the universe. In Hindu belief, there is only one Brahman, is second to none but wise men call it by various names according to its all-powerful. The names of the greatness of God and then manifested into various forms of deities, such as for example: Vishnu, Brahma, Shiva, Lakshmi, Parvati, Saraswati, and others. In Hindu Dharma (especially in Bali), the concept of Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa is a Balinese form of original monotheism.

Pantheism

In one book of the Hindu Upanishads, which emphasized the concept is pantheism. The concept states that God has no particular form or a particular place, but God is and converges at every creation, and nothing contained in any object, like salt in sea water. In Hinduism, the concept of pantheism is called the Wyapi Wyapaka. The Book of Hindu Upanishads say that God meet the specific shape of the universe without, he is not in heaven or on earth but are the highest in each of his creations.

Atheism

Hinduism has the concept of atheism expected (found in Samkhya teachings) are considered positive by theologians / scholars from the West. Samkhya is the oldest in the teachings of Hindu philosophy who allegedly menngandung nature of atheism. Samkhya philosophy deemed never talked about God and the creation of the world and its contents are not for God, but because attendance and Prakirti Purusha, the origin of everything that did not come, and all causes but do not have a cause. Therefore, according to Samkhya philosophy, God never intervened. Teaching of atheism in Hindu philosophy is not encountered in the implementation of the Dharma Hinduism in Indonesia, but the teachings of philosophy (Samkhya) is the oldest in the teachings of Indian philosophy. Subjects atheism is considered one sect of Hindus Dharma and never taught in Indonesian.

Another concept

In addition to the familiar concept of monotheism, pantheism, and atheism is known, scholars have revealed that there are concepts henoteisme, polytheism, and monism in the broad teachings of the Hindu religion. Viewed from a variety of terms that, Hindus the most widely become the object of research results does not reflect the opinions of Indolog unity as a result of different sources of information. Hinduism is generally only recognizes a concept only, namely monotheism. According to the Hindu religious scholars, the concept of divinity in Hinduism there are many just the result of a similar observation from scholars and Hindu religion does not see the body as a whole. Like for example, Hinduism is considered to have the concept of polytheism polytheism but the concept is not recommended in Hindu Dharma and contrary to the teachings of the Vedas. Although many of the views and concepts that were observed in the Hindu Godhead, and in a manner different implementation, as taught in Yoga Chess, four ways to reach God, then everything is permitted. They cling to sloka which says: "The road taken by any human being unto me, all I receive and I give the gift of self-worth in accordance with their submission. Everyone is looking for a different path, O son of Partha (Arjuna) " 

Belief in Hindu

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Hindu religion is often regarded as a homage to polytheism because worship many gods, but not entirely so. In Hinduism, the god is not God's own. According to Hindus, God is not almighty beat. In one of the teachings of Hindu philosophy, Adwaita Wedanta asserts that there is only one force and become a source of all that exists (Brahman), who manifests Himself to mankind in various forms. In Hinduism there are five so-called confidence and trust with Pancasradha. Pancasradha is the basic Hindu beliefs. Fifth belief, namely: 1. Widhi Tattwa - believe in God Almighty and all its aspects  

2. Atma Tattwa - believe in the existence of the soul in every creature  

3. Karmaphala Tattwa - believed by the law of cause and effect in every deed  

4. Punarbhava Tattwa - believed by the process of rebirth (reincarnation)  

5. Moksha Tattwa - believe that happiness is the highest end of man  

Widhi Tattwa Widhi Tattwa there is the concept of trust that Almighty God in view of Hinduism. Hindu Dharma based on his teachings to his people in order to emphasize and acknowledge the existence of God to believe in one God. In Wedanta Adwaita philosophy and in the book of the Vedas, God is believed to be only one but the wise call it by various names. In Hinduism, God is called Brahman. Philosophy is also reluctant to admit that the gods are God's own or that compete with the degree of God's creatures.  

Atma Tattwa Tattwa Atma is the belief that there is soul in every living thing. In the teachings of Hinduism, the soul inherent in living beings is the spark that comes from God and is called Atman. Jivatma be eternal, but because the human body affected by the character of cyberspace, then Jiwatma not know the true origin. This situation is called Awidya. This causes Jiwatma undergo repeated reincarnation. But the process of reincarnation can be terminated if Jivatma reach moksa.  

Karmaphala Hinduism knows the law of cause and effect called Karmaphala (karma = action; Phala = fruit / result), which became one of the basic beliefs. In Karmaphala teachings, every human action must produce results, good or bad. Karmaphala teachings very closely related to beliefs about reincarnation, because in Karmaphala teachings, the human condition (either love or sorrow) is caused as a result of human action itself, well he was doing at the time he lived or what he was doing when he was living life previously. In these teachings, human beings can be said that will determine the fate of his live while God that determine when the results are given (either during life or after reincarnation) [8].  

Punarbhawa Punarbhawa is the belief that human experience of reincarnation. In the course Punarbhawa, reincarnation happens because people have to bear the results of past deeds in life. If people do not have time to enjoy the results of his actions for a lifetime, then they are given the opportunity to enjoy the next life. Therefore Therefore, they aim to be the reincarnation process that the soul can enjoy the results of his actions (good or bad) that have not had time to be enjoyed. The process of reincarnation ends when the person reaches the highest awareness (moksa).
Moksha In Hindu belief, Moksha is a situation where people feel very relaxed and enjoy the true happiness because it is not bound anymore by various desires nor material things. At the time reached a state of Moksha, the soul apart from the reincarnation cycle so that the soul can no longer enjoy the love-sorrow in the world. Therefore, Moksha becomes the ultimate goal to be achieved by Hindus.

About Hindu

Derived from Sanskrit Hinduism: Sanatana Dharma "Eternal Truth", and Vaidika-Dharma ("Knowledge of Truth") is a religion that originated from the Indian subcontinent. Religion is a continuation of the Vedic religions (Brahmanisme) which is the nation's confidence in the Indo-Iranian (Aryan). Religion is expected to appear between the years 3102 BC to 1300 BC and is the oldest religions in the world which still survive today. Religion is the world's third largest religion after Christianity and Islam with the number of people of nearly one billion inhabitants.

Acintya

Hindu religious adherents are mostly found in the Indian subcontinent. Here there are about 90% of this religion. This religion has spread in Southeast Asia until about the 15th century, more precisely at the time of the collapse of Majapahit. From that time it has been replaced by the religion of Islam and Christianity. At present, the majority Hindu community in Indonesia is Bali, it is also spread across the island of Java, Lombok, Kalimantan (Kaharingan Dayak), Sulawesi (Toraja and Bugis - Sidrap).
In Persian, the word Hindu is rooted from the word Sindhu (Sanskrit). In Reg Veda, the Aryans called their territory as Sapta Sindhu (the land of the seven rivers in the southwest of the subcontinent, in which one of the river Indus). This was approached with the word-Hendu Hapta contained in the Zend Avesta (Vendidad: 1:18 Fargard) - from the Zoroastrian sacred literature in Iran. At first the word Hindu refers to the people who live in the area of the river Sindhu.